For logging:

Set:
S(config)# logging host A.B.C.D ; ABCD is the IP of the Syslog server
S(config)# logging console 7
S(config)# logging monitor 7
S(config)# logging history 7
S(config)# logging reload 7
S(config)# logging trap 7
S(config)# logging on

Also do:

S# debug xyz ! where xyz is the debug option you want to see.

Test turning down and up and interface

If needed, configure port and transport protocol as
S(config)# logging host 10.10.0.2 transport udp port 514
S(config)# logging source-interface FastEthernet0/1/0

Remember in the Syslog server to configure the IPs of the devices you want to syslog.

To see logs in the CLI screen, do:

S(conf)# do terminal monitor ; to monitor all through SSH and Telnet sessions
S(conf)# logging console
S(conf)# exit
S# debug ... ; select the debug options you want to see